The application of DC fans in the cooling system of new energy vehicles

2025-05-13 09:54:09

In New energy vehicles, DC Fans, with their advantages of high efficiency, controllability and strong adaptability, have become key components of the cooling system and play a significant role in the heat dissipation of batteries, motors and electronic control systems.

battery cooling system application

The power batteries of new energy vehicles generate a large amount of heat during charging and discharging. If not dissipated in time, it will cause the battery temperature to be too high, affecting the battery performance and lifespan, and even causing safety hazards. The DC fan in the battery cooling system takes away the heat generated by the battery through forced air convection. In air-cooled battery cooling systems, DC fans are installed around the battery pack or in ventilation channels, and their rotational speed is adjusted according to the instructions of the battery management system (BMS). When the battery is in a low-load state and the temperature is low, the DC fan operates at a low speed or stops to reduce energy consumption. When the battery is working at high load and the temperature rises, the DC fan rotates at high speed, accelerating air flow and rapid heat dissipation.

For instance, some pure electric vehicles adopt a modular battery design. Each battery module is equipped with an independent DC fan, which can precisely control the temperature of each module, ensuring uniform internal temperature of the battery pack and preventing local overheating. In addition, the battery cooling systems of some new energy vehicles will also combine temperature sensors and intelligent algorithms to dynamically adjust the speed of the DC fan, ensuring that the battery is always within the optimal working temperature range (25℃ - 40℃).

Cooling applications for motors and electrical control systems

The drive motors and electronic control systems of new energy vehicles also require efficient heat dissipation. The DC fan ensures the normal operation of the motor housing and the surface of the electrical control components by cooling them. When the drive motor is in operation, it generates electromagnetic and mechanical losses, which are converted into heat. The DC fan can accelerate the air flow rate on the motor surface, promptly removing the heat and maintaining the efficient operation of the motor.

Power devices in the electrical control system, such as inverters and DC/DC converters, also generate heat during the process of electrical energy conversion. The DC fan, in combination with the heat sink, can enhance the heat dissipation effect and prevent the electrical control components from being damaged due to overheating. For instance, in some high-performance new energy vehicles, the heat dissipation requirements of the electronic control system are higher. The DC fan will work in coordination with the liquid cooling system. First, the liquid cooling system takes away most of the heat, and then the DC fan accelerates the air flow to further reduce the temperature of the electronic control components and ensure the stable operation of the system.

The technical advantages of DC fans

Dc fans have unique technical advantages in the cooling systems of new energy vehicles. Firstly, the DC fan is powered by a DC power supply and is compatible with the DC system of new energy vehicles. It does not require additional power conversion devices, reducing energy loss and improving system efficiency. Secondly, DC fans have precise speed regulation functions. They can achieve stepless speed regulation through PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) signals or analog voltage signals. According to different working conditions and heat dissipation requirements, the fan speed can be precisely adjusted, which not only meets the heat dissipation requirements but also reduces noise and energy consumption.

In addition, the DC fan has a compact structure and small size, which is convenient for layout and installation within the limited space of new energy vehicles. It features high reliability and a long service life, capable of adapting to the complex operating environment of automobiles, including high temperatures, vibrations, and dust, providing stable and reliable support for the cooling system of new energy vehicles.

Dc fans are indispensable in the cooling systems of new energy vehicles. By effectively cooling batteries, motors and electronic control systems, they enhance the performance, safety and reliability of new energy vehicles, and contribute to the continuous development of the new energy vehicle industry.